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Arawá Family

Arawá is a small family of languages spoken in southwestern Amazonia, in the areas of the Purus and Juruá Rivers. The majority of the groups are in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, but Kulina is also spoken in the state of Acre, and in Peru. No relationship with other language familes has been demonstrated.

Arawá (extinct; Juruá River, Brazil)

Deni (also called Jamamadi; Juruá and Purus Rivers, Brazil)

Kulina (also called Culina, Madija; Juruá River, Brazil and Peru)

Madi (Purus River, Brazil)
    Banawá
    Jamamadi
    Jarawara

Paumari (Purus River, Brazil)

Sorowahá (also called Zuruahá; Purus River, Brazil)

 

Bibliography

    Languages

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———, and Stephen A. Marlett, 1987, Gender agreement in Madija. Native American languages and grammatical typology: papers from a conference at the University of Chicago, ed. by Paul D. Kroeber and Robert E. Moore, 1-18. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Linguistics Club.

———, and Esther Powlison, Los fonemas segmentales del Culina peruano. Datos Etnolinguisticos 28. Lima: SIL.

Adams Liclan, Patsy, and Stephen Marlett, 1990, Madija noun morphology. IJAL 56:102-120.

———, and Stephen Marlett, 1991, Antipasivos en madija (culina). Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolinguísticos VI, 37-48.

———, and Stephen A. Marlett, 1994, Vowel features in Madija. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, Vol. 38: 113-14.

Agnew, Arlene, 1963, Culina grammar outline. Informacion de Campo 90. Yarinacocha, Peru: SIL.

Anonby, Stan, and Sandy Anonby, 2007, A report on three Arauan speech varieties (Jamamadi, Jarawara, and Banawá) of the Amazon. SIL Electronic Survey Reports.

Boley, Paula, 1991, Gender agreement in Deni. Unpublished ms.

Buller, Barbara, Ernest Buller, and Daniel L. Everett, 1993, Stress placement, syllable structure, and minimality in Banawá. IJAL 59.280-293.

Campbell, Barbara, 1985, Jamamadí Noun Phrases. Porto Velho Workpapers, ed. by David Lee Fortune, 130-165. Brasília: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

———, 1986, Repetition in Jamamadi Discourse. Sentence Initial Devices, ed. by Joseph E. Grimes, 171-185. Dallas: SIL and UTA.

———, 1987, Repetição no Discurso Jamamadi. Série Linguïstica Nº. 9, Vol. 1: 129-156. Brasília: SIL.

Campbell, Robert, 1977, Marcadores de Fonte de Informação na Língua Jamamadi. Série Linguistica Nº 7: 117-125. Brasília: SIL.

———, 1988, Avaliação dentro das Citações na Língua Jamamadi. Série Linguística Nº 9, Vol. 2: 9-30.

———, and Barbara Campbell. 1981. Preliminary observations concerning the rarity of exact repetition in Jamamadi. Notes on Linguistics 19: 10-20.

Chapman, Shirley, 1976, Significado e função de margens verbais na língua paumarí. Série Linguística Nº 5: 199-230. Brasília: SIL.

———, 1981, Prominence in Paumari. Brasília: SIL (Arquivo Linguístico).

———, 1983, Gramática Pedagógica Paumarí. Brasília: SIL (Arquivo Linguístico).

———, 1985, Subordinate clauses in Paumarí. Porto Velho Workpapers, ed. by David Lee Fortune, 231-253. Brasília: SIL.

———, 1986, Paumarí Interrogatives. Sentence Initial Devices, ed. by Grimes, Joseph E., 171-185. Dallas: SIL and UTA.

———, 1988, Interrogativos Paumarí. Série Linguïstica Nº 9, Vol. 2: 89-116. Brasília: SIL.

———, and Desmond C. Derbyshire, 1991, Paumarí. Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 3, ed. by Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 161-352. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Derbyshire, Desmond C., 1982, Arawakan (Brazil) morphosyntax. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, Vol. 26, ed. by Desmond C. Derbyshire, 1-81.

———, 1983, Ergativity and transitivity in Paumarí. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, Vol. 27: 11-28.

———, 1986, Comparative survey of morphology and syntax in Brazilian Arawakan. Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol 1, ed. by Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 469-566. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

———, and Doris L. Payne, 1990, Noun classification systems of Amazonian languages. Amazonian Linguistics: Studies in lowland South American Languages, ed. by Doris L. Payne, 243-271. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Dienst, Stefan, 2005, The innovation of s in Kulina and Deni. Anthropological Linguistics 47.424-441.

Dixon, R.M.W., 1995, Fusional development of gender marking in Jarawara possessed nouns. IJAL 61: 263-294.

———, 1999a, Arawá. The Amazonian Languages, ed. by R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, 293-306. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———, 1999b, Semantic roles and syntactic functions: the semantic basis for a typology. CLS 35: The Panels, ed. by Sabrina J. Billings, John P. Boyle, and Aaron M. Griffith, 323-341. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.

———, 2000a, Categories of the noun phrase in Jarawara. Journal of Linguistics 36. 487-510.

———, 2000b, A-constructions and O-constructions in Jarawara. IJAL 66. 22-56.

———, 2001, Internal reconstruction of tense-modal suffixes in Jarawara. Diachronica 18. 3-30.

———, 2002, The eclectic morphology of Jarawara, and the status of word. Word: a Cross-Linguistic Typology, ed. by R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, 125-152. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———, 2003, Evidentiality in Jarawara. Studies in Evidentiality, ed. by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and R.M.W. Dixon, 165-187.

———, 2004a, Proto-Arawá phonology. Anthropological Linguistics 46.1-83.

———, 2004b, The small adjective class in Jarawara. Adjective classes: a cross-linguistic typology, ed. by R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikenvald. Oxford and New Yord: Oxford University Press.

———, 2004c, The Jarawara language of southern Amazonia. Oxford and New York: Oxford Unversity Press.

———, 2006, Complementation clause type and complementation strategy in Jarawara. Complementation: A cross-linguistic typology, ed. by R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikenvald, 93-114. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

———, and Alan R. Vogel, 1996, Reduplication in Jarawara. Languages of the World 10. 24-31.

Ehrenreich, P., 1897, Materialen zur Spracherkunde Brasiliens: Vokabuläre von Purus-Stämmen, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 24: 59-71.

Everett, Daniel L., 1990, Extraprosodicity and minimality in Kama and Banawá. University of Pittsburgh Working Papers in Linguistics I. Pittsburgh: Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh.

———, 1995, Sistemas prosódicos da família Arawá. Estudos fonológicos de línguas indígenas brasileiras, ed. by Leo Wetzels, 297-339. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

———, 1996, Prosodic levels and constraints in Banawá and Suruwahá. Rutgers Optimality Archive 121-0496.

———, 1999, Syllable integrity. Proceedings of WCCFL (West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics) XVI. Cambridge University Press and University of Chicago Press.

———, 2003, Iambic feet in Paumari and the theory of foot structure. Linguistic Discovery 2.

———, nd, Iambic feet and syllables in Paumari: analysis and theoretical consequences. Rutgers Optimality Archive.

———, Peter Ladefoged, and Jenny Ladefoged, 1997, Phonetic structures of Banawá, an endangered language. Phonetica 54. 94-111.

Fank, J., and E. Porta, 1996, Vocabulário da língua Sorowaha. Cuiabá, MT: OPAN/ CIMI.

Kanaú, and Ruth M.F. Monserrat, 1984, Dicionário kulina-português e português-kulina (dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo). Rio Branco, Acre: CIMI-Acre.

Koop, Gordon, 1988, Os Afixos Pessoais em Deni. Série Linguística Nº 9, Vol. 2, ed. by Joseph E. Grimes, 177-196. Brasilia: Summer Institute of Linquistics.

———, and Lois Koop, 1985, Dicionário deni-português. Ediçao experimental. Porto Velho: SIL.

Koop, Lois, 1981-82, O gênero e sua concordância em deni, tradução de Duse Abreu Moura. Arquivos de Anatomia e Antropologia VI and VII: 253-277.

Loos, B.E., 1978, Culina. Materiales para estudios fonologicos. Documento de Trabajo Nº. 9, Vol. 1, ed. by B.E. Loos, 215-248. Yarinacocha: SIL.

Matteson, Esther, 1972, Proto Arawakan. Comparative studies in Amerindian Languages, ed. by Esther Matteson et al, 160-251. The Hague: Mouton.

Metraux, Alfred, 1948, Tribes of the Juruá-Purus basins. Handbook of  South American Indians, Vol. 3: The Tropical Forest Tribes, ed by Julian H. Steward, 657-686. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin 143).

Monserrat, Ruth M., and Abel O. Silva (Kanaú), 1986, Gramática da língua kulina: dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo. Rio Branco, Acre: CIMI-Acre.

Moran, Paul, and Dorothy Moran, 1977, Notas Sobre Morfologia Verbal Deni. Série Linguística Nº 7: 29-71. Brasília: SIL.

Morgan, Michael, 2004, Review of The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia, by R.M.W. Dixon. Linguist List 16.1940.

Noble, G.K., 1965, Proto-Arawakan and its descendents. Publication 38 of Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore and Linguistics. IJAL 31(3), Part II.

Odmark, Mary Ann, 1977, Dois Conetivos Contrastantes da Língua Paumarí. Série Linguística Nº 7: 111-115. Brasília: SIL.

———, 1987, A sobreposição e outras técnicas de repetição em paumarí. Série Linguística Nº 9.105-127.

Pike, Kenneth L., 1957, Abdominal pulse types in some Peruvian languages. Language 33: 30-35.

Reinbold, Julia Ulrike, 2004, Intonation and information structure in Banawá. MA dissertation, University of Manchester.

———, 2007, Summary of the results on the research on intonation and information structure in Banawá.

Rivet, P., and C. Tastevin, 1938-39, Les langages Arawak du Purús et du Juruá (Groupe Aruá). Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris, 30:71-114, 235-238; 31:223-248.

Rodrigues, Aryon Dall’Igna, 1986, Línguas brasileiras: Para o conhecimento das línguas indígenas. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.

Salanova, Andrés Pablo, 2007, Review of The Jarawara Language of Southern Amazonia, by R.M.W. Dixon. IJAL 73.126-130.

Salzer, Meinke, and Shirley Chapman, 1998, Dicionário Bilingue nas línguas Paumarí e Portuguesa. Porto Velho, Rondonia: Sociedade Internacional de Linguística.

Suzuki, Edson Massamiti, 1997. Fonética e fonologia do Suruwahá. MA dissertation. Campinas: IEL-UNICAMP.

Suzuki, Márcia, 1995, Esboço fonológico preliminar da língua Suruwahá. Estudos fonológicos das línguas indígenas brasileiras, ed. by Leo Wetzels, 341-378. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ.

———, 1996, Interação entre regras segmentais e prosódicas no Suruwahá. Letras de Hoje 31. 97-118.

———, 2000, Suruwahá: OCP e aquisição na definição do status fonêmico das sibilantes. Indigenous languages of lowland South America, ed. by Hein van der Voort and Simon van de Kerke, 181-195. Leiden, The Netherlands: CNWS, Universiteit Leiden.

———, 2002, Dicionário Sorowahá-Português e vocabulário Português-Sorowahá. Hawaii: University of the Nations.

Tiss, Frank, 2004, Gramática da língua madiha (kulina). São Leopoldo, RS: Oikos.

Turner, Ingrid, 2006, Master’s thesis on Banawá.

Vogel, Alan Robert, 1989, Gender and gender agreement in Jaruára (Arauan). Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.

———, 2003, Jarawara Verb Classes. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.

———, 2006, Dicionário Jarawara-Português. Cuiabá, MT: Sociedade Internacional de Linguística.

———, 2006, Jarawara-English dictionary. Cuiabá, MT: Sociedade Internacional de Linguística.

———, compiler and translator. 2007. Textos jarawaras interlineares. Cuiabá, MT: Sociedade Internacional de Linguística.

———, compiler and translator. 2007. Jarawara interlinear texts. Cuiabá, MT: Sociedade Internacional de Linguística.

Wiltshire, Rebecca Louise, 2004, A study of stress in connected speech in Banawá, a language of the Amazon. BA dissertation, University of Manchester.

Wright, Pamela, 1988, Madija predicates. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota.

———, 1995, Madija predicates. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, Vol. 39, ed. by J. Albert Bickford, 93-140. Dallas: SIL.

Wright, Pamela S, 1991, La hipótesis del inacusativo y los verbos mádija (culina). Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos 6: 49-62.

    Culture, history, etc.

Adams, Patsy, 1963, Some notes on the material culture of the Culina Indians. Anthropologica 12: 27-44.

———, 1964, La musica culina. Peru Indigena Nº 24-25.

———, 1969, Translation polishing with semi-literates. Notes on Translation 33: 30-31.

———, 1976a, Cerámica culina. Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas 7. Yarinacocha: Instituto Linguistico de Verano.

———, 1976b, La musica culina y la educación informal. Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas 10. Yarinacocha: ILV.

———, and Patricia Townsend, 1975, Estructura y conflicto en el matrimonio de los indios culina de la amazonia peruana. Folklore Americano 19: 139-160.

Altmann, Lori, 1991, Convivência e solidariedade: uma experiência pastoral entre os Kulina (Madija). São Leopoldo, RS: Comin/ GTME.

———, 2000. Maittaccadsama: categorias de espaço e tempo como referenciais para a construção da identidade Kulina (Madija). MA thesis, UFRGS.

Ayres de Paula, Sandra Aparecida. 2005. Territorialidade indígena na Amazônia brasileira do século XXI: o caso Jamamadi. MA dissertation. Curitiba, PR: Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Bonilla, Oiara, 2005, O bom patrão e o inimigo voraz: predação e comércio na cosmologia Paumari. Mana 11.41-66.

Chandless, W, 1869, Notes on a journey up the River Juruá. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 39, 296-311.

Chapman, Shirley, 1985, Problems in Paumarí acculturation. Five Amazonian studies on world view and culture change, ed. by William R. Merrifield, 71-77. Dallas: International Museum of Cultures.

Fank, J., and E. Porta,1996a, A vida social e econômica dos Sorowaha. Cuiabá, MT: OPAN/ CIMI.

———, 1996b, Mitos e histórias dos Sorowaha. Cuiabá, MT: OPAN/ CIMI.

Koop, Gordon and Sherwood G. Lingenfelter, 1980, The Dení of western Brazil: A study of sociopolitical organization and community development. Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology Publication, 7. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology.

———, 1983, Os Deni do Brasil ocidental: Um estudo de organização socio-política e desenvolvimento comunitário. Publicação do Museu Internacional de Culturas, 7. Dallas: Museu Internacional de Culturas.

Kroemer, Gunther, 1985, Cuxiuara: o Purus dos indígenas. Ensaio etno-histórico e etnográfico sobre os índios do médio Purus. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.

———, 1990, A caminho das malocas zuruahá: reconhecimento e identificaçao de um povo indígena desconhecido. Sao Paulo: Ediçoes Loyola.

———, 1994, Kunahã made, o povo do veneno: sociedade e cultura do povo Zuruahá. Belém: Mensageiro.

Lorrain, Claire, 1994, Making ancestors: the symbolism, economics and politics of gender among the Kulina of Southwest Amazonia (Brazil). PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, King’s College.

———, 2000, Cosmic reproduction, economics and politics among the Kulina of Southwest Amazonia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6.293-310.

Odmark, Mary Ann, and Rachel Landin, 1985, On Paumarí social organization. South American kinship: eight kinship systems from Brazil and Colombia, ed. by William R. Merrifield, 93-111. Dallas: International Museum of Cultures.

Pollock, Donald K., 1984, Looking for a sister: Culina siblingship and affinity. The sibling relationship in lowland South America, Working Papers on South American Indians 7, ed. by K.H. Kensinger, 8-15. Bennington: Bennington College.

———, 1988, Health care among the Culina, Western Amazonia. Cultural Survival Quarterly 12.28-32.

———, 1992, Kulina shamanism: gender, power and knowledge. Portals of power: Shamanism in South America, ed. by E. Jean Langdon and G. Baer, 25-40. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

———, 1993a, Death and afterdeath among the Kulina. Latin American Anthropology Review 5.61-64.

———, 1993b, Conversion and “community” in Amazonia. Conversion to Christianity: Anthropological and historical perspectives on a great transformation, ed. by Robert Hefner. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———, 1994a, Culina. Encyclopedia of world cultures, ed. by J. Wilbert, 145-148.

———, 1994b, Etnomedicina Kulina. Saúde e povos indígenas, ed. by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Carlos E.A. Coimbra Júnior, 143-160. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.

———, 1996a, Healing dilemmas. Anthropological Quarterly 69.149-157.

———, 1996b, Personhood and illness among the Kulina. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10.319-341.

———, 1998, Food and gender among the Kulina. Food and Gender: Identity and Power, ed. by Carole Counihan and Steven Kaplan, 11-28. New York: Routledge.

———, 2002, Partible paternity and multiple maternity among the Kulina. Cultures of Multiple Fathers: Partible Paternity in Lowland South America, ed. by Stephen Beckerman and Paul Valentine, 42-61. Gainsville: University of Florida Press.

———, 2003, Regionalism and cultural identity in Western Amazonia. Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America 1.49-70.

———, 2004, Siblings and sorcerers: shamanism and the paradox of kinship among the Kulina. Darkness and secrecy: the anthropology of assault sorcery and witchcraft in Amazonia, ed. by Neil Whitehead and Robin Wright, 202-213. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Prance, Ghillean T., 1970, Notes on the use of Plant Hallucinogens in Amazonian Brazil. Economic Botany 24:62–68.

———, 1973a, Ethnobotanical Notes from Amazonian Brazil. Economic Botany 26: 221–237.

———, 1973a, An ethnobotanical comparison of four tribes of Amazonian Indians. Acta Amazonica 2(2): 7–27.

———, 1978, The poisons and narcotics of the Deni, Paumari, Jamamadi and Jarawara Indians of the Purus River region. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 1: 71-82.

———, 1986, Etnobotánica de algumas tribos amazônicas. Suma etnológica brasileira, Vol. 1, Etnobiologia, ed. by Berta G. Ribeiro, 119-133. Petrópolis: Vozes.

———, 1999. The poisons and narcotics of the Amazonian Indians. Jour. Roy. Col. Physicians, London 33: 368-376.

———, with David G. Campbell and Bruce W. Nelson. 1977. The Ethnobotany of the Paumari Indians. Economic Botany 31: 129–139.

Rangel, Lúcia Helena Vitalli, 1994, Os Jamamadi e as armadilhas do tempo histórico. PhD thesis, PUCSP.

 Rüf, Isabell, 1984, Le 'dutsee tui' chez les Indiens Culina du Pérou. Société Suisse des Américanistes 36: 73-80.

Spruce, R., 1864, On the river Purús, a tributary of the Amazon. The travels of Pedro de Cieza de Leon, A.D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru, ed. by C.R. Markham, 339-351. London: Hakluyt Society.

Steere, J.B., 1903, Narrative of a visit to Indian tribes of the Purus River, Brazil. Annual Report of the United States National Museum, 1901, 363-393.

Vencio, Elizabeth, 1996, Cartas entre os Jarawara: um estudo da apropriação da escrita. Dissertação de Mestrado em Lingüística. Campinas: IEL-UNICAMP.

Zwetsch, Roberto E.,1992, Madiha: o cheiro da terra. São Paulo: Paulinas.

______, 1993, Com as melhores intenções: trajetórias missionárias luteranas diante do desafio das comunidades indígenas, 1960-1990. MA dissertation, Faculdade de Teologia Nossa Senhora da Assunção (São Paulo).

 

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